a. Genes are the blueprint of an organism's traits because the they are the fundamental structure of an organism. The diversity derived from these traits helps determines the species diversity as well as the ecosystem diversity.
2. We as humans benefit from diversity, through the various agricultural crops and even simply, the aesthetic beauty.
3. Species is defined as the largest group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. It is estimated that approximately 8.7 million species (plus/minus 1.3 million) are present on the Earth today.
4. There is such a broad range in the number of species that exist on Earth because new species are constantly discovered, and many become extinct.
5. The significance of a phylogenetic tree is that the diagram organizes species into categories that indicate how related they are to one another.
6. The difference in a gene and a genotype is that while a gene is a physical location on the chromosomes, genotype is the complete set of genes in an individual.
7. Mutation can be caused by UV exposure or nuclear exposure.
8. Recombination can lead to a mutation by bringing together new combinations of genes on a chromosome that can sometimes produce new traits. One chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome during reproductive cell division.
9. The difference between an organisms's genotype and phenotype is that genotype is the set of genes, while phenotype is the physical appearance as a result of the individual's genes.
10. Artificial selection is breeding in which professionals try to produce offspring that possess many of the desirable characteristics found in their parents. Examples are purebred dog breeding and crop breeding.
11. My order of Darwin's Key Ideas:
1. Individuals differ in their traits.
2. Differences in traits are associated with differences in the ability to survive and
reproduce.
3.Differences in traits can be passed on from parents to offspring.
4. Not all offspring can survive.
5. Individuals produce an excess of offspring.
12. a. Mutation can increase in frequency in a population over time.
b. Genetic drift can cause some genotypes to be lost by chance.
c. Bottleneck effect occurs after a population experiences a drastic decrease in size.
d. Founder effect occurs when a few individuals colonize an island, and the genotypes
on the island represent only part of the genotypes present in the whole population.
13. An example of allopatric speciation is the Asian elephant.
14. A species can successfully undergo adaptation if the rate of environmental change is not
too fast or too slow and the genetic variation within the species allows for a wide variety of phenotypes. Also, population size matters, as smaller ones evolve more quickly, and generation time tends to be shorter for species that are more reproductively mature.
15. A niche generalist is more equipped to produce a chronic lineage than a niche specialist because generalist is able to survive in a variety of environmental conditions, while specialist is only able to depend on a narrow range of conditions.
a. This could play out in nature in terms of what an organisms consumes. For example, a heterotroph would be a niche generalist since it consumes both animals and plants, while a koala would be a niche specialist since it only consumes one plant species.
There are so many different kinds of plants and animals because the Earth is different everywhere. The same plant wouldn't be able to live in both the desert and the rainforest.
Evolution is the idea that ancestors of animals today were different from animals today.
You know if something is evolving or has evolved by looking at a tree-like diagram to see how the species connect.
A single animal cannot evolve. Instead, a group of animals, or population, evolves over millions of years.
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